Between 1838 and 1855, Thomas Lund, a London cutler and his son William developed various corkscrew designs. The “London rack”, “Lund’s Lever” and “Lund’s Pocket Screw” were made in Birmingham. The former used the rack and pinion method of withdrawing a cork. The corkscrew was turned into the cork and it was then withdrawn by using a cogged ratchet. The cog was turned and the cork was removed easily.